Stainless Steel Plate
国产麻豆AV stocks the largest single-site stainless steel plate inventory in North America with thicknesses from 3/16" through 6" in 1/8" increments. Alloy 316/316L stainless steel plate is also available as E-Z Drill for improved machinability.
Available thicknesses for Alloy 316/316L:
3/16" | 1/4" | 5/16" | 3/8" | 7/16" | 1/2" | 9/16" | 5/8" | 3/4" | 7/8" | 1" | 1 1/8" |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.8mm | 6.3mm | 7.9mm | 9.5mm | 11.1mm | 12.7mm | 14.3mm | 15.9mm | 19mm | 22.2mm | 25.4mm | 28.6mm |
1 1/4" | 1 3/8" | 1 1/2" | 1 5/8" | 1 3/4" | 2" | 2 1/4" | 2 1/2" | 2 3/4" | 3" | 3 1/4" | 3 1/2" |
31.8mm | 34.9mm | 38.1mm | 41.3mm | 44.5mm | 50.8mm | 57.2mm | 63.5mm | 69.9mm | 76.2mm | 82.6mm | 88.9mm |
3 3/4" | 4" | 4 1/4" | 4 1/2" | 4 3/4" | 5" | 5 1/4" | 5 1/2" | 5 3/4" | 6" | ||
95.3mm | 101.6mm | 108mm | 114.3mm | 120.7mm | 127mm | 133.4mm | 139.7mm | 146.1mm | 152.4mm |
Alloys 316 (UNS S31600) and 316L (UNS S31603) are molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels, which are more resistant to general corrosion and pitting/crevice corrosion than the conventional chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels such as Alloy 304. These alloys also offer higher creep, stress-to-rupture, and tensile strength at elevated temperatures. In addition to excellent corrosion resistance and strength properties, the Alloys 316 and 316L Cr-Ni-Mo alloys also provide excellent fabricability and formability which are typical of the austenitic stainless steels.
Specification Sheet Overview
for Alloy 316/316L (UNS S31600, S31603)
W. Nr. 1.4401, 1.4404:
An Austenitic Stainless Steel Containing Molybdenum Which is More Corrosion Resistant than the Conventional 304/304L Stainless Steel
![Stainless Steel Plate](/images/insideimage.jpg)
General Properties
Alloy 316/316L (UNS S31600/S31603) is a chromium-nickelmolybdenum austenitic stainless steel developed to provide improved corrosion resistance to Alloy 304/304L in moderately corrosive environments. It is often utilized in process streams containing chlorides or halides. The addition of molybdenum improves general corrosion and chloride pitting resistance. It also provides higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
It is common practice for 316L to be dual certified as 316 and 316L. The low carbon chemistry of 316L combined with an addition of nitrogen enables 316L to meet the mechanical properties of 316.
Alloy 316/316L resists atmospheric corrosion, as well as, moderately oxidizing and reducing environments. It also resists corrosion in polluted marine atmospheres. The alloy has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion in the as-welded condition. Alloy 316/316L has excellent strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures.
Alloy 316/316L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition, but can become slightly magnetic as a result of cold working or welding. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Applications
- Chemical and Petrochemical Processing — pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves and pumps
- Food and Beverage Processing
- Marine
- Medical
- Petroleum Refining
- Pharmaceutical Processing
- Power Generation — nuclear
- Pulp and Paper
- Textiles
- Water Treatment
Standards
ASTM........A 240
ASME........SA 240
AMS..........5524/5507
QQ-S........766
Corrosion Resistance
In most applications Alloy 316/316L has superior corrosion resistance to Alloy 304/304L. Process environments that do not corrode Alloy 304/304L will not attack this grade. One exception, however, is in highly oxidizing acids such as nitric acid where stainless steels containing molybdenum are less resistant. Alloy 316/316L performs well in sulfur containing service such as that encountered in the pulp and paper industry. The alloy can be used in high concentrations at temperatures up to 120°F (38°C).
Alloy 316/316L also has good resistance to pitting in phosphoric and acetic acid. It performs well in boiling 20% phosphoric acid. The alloy can also be used in the food and pharmaceutical process industries where it is utilized to handle hot organic and fatty acids in an effort to minimize product contamination.
Alloy 316/316L performs well in fresh water service even with high levels of chlorides. The alloy has excellent resistance to corrosion in marine environments under atmospheric conditions.
The higher molybdenum content of Alloy 316/316L assures it will have superior pitting resistance to Alloy 304/304L in applications involving chloride solutions, particularly in an oxidizing environment.
In most instances, the corrosion resistance of Alloys 316 and 316L will be roughly equal in most corrosive environments. However, in environments that are sufficiently corrosive to cause intergranular corrosion of welds and heat-affected zones Alloy 316L should be used because of its low carbon content.
Composition (Weight Percent) | CCT2 | CPT3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALLOY | Cr | Mo | N | PREN1 | °F (°C) | °F (°C) |
Type 304 | 18.0 | — | 0.06 | 19.0 | <27.5 (<-2.5) |
— — |
Type 316 | 16.5 | 2.1 | 0.05 | 24.2 | 27.5 (-2.5) |
59 (15.0) |
Type 317 | 18.5 | 3.1 | 0.06 | 29.7 | 35.0 (1.7) |
66 (18.9) |
SSC-6MO | 20.5 | 6.2 | 0.22 | 44.5 | 110 (43.0) |
149 (65) |
1Pitting Resistance Equivelant, including Nitrogen, PREN=Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N
2Critical Crevice Corrosion Temperature, CCCT, based on ASTM G-48B (6% FeCl3 for 72 hr, with crevices
3Critical Pitting Temperature, CPT based on ASTM G-48A (6% FeCl3 for 72 hr)
Lowest Temperature (°F) at Which the Corrosion Rate Exceeds 5mpy
CORROSION ENVIRONMENT |
Type 316L |
Type 304 |
2205 (UNS S32205) |
2507 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.2% Hydrochloric Acid | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling |
1% Hydrochloric Acid | 86 | 86p | 185 | >Boiling |
10% Sulfuric Acid | 122 | — | 140 | 167 |
60% Sulfuric Acid | <54 | — | <59 | <57 |
96% Sulfuric Acid | 113 | — | 77 | 86 |
85% Phosphoric Acid | 203 | 176 | 194 | 203 |
10% Nitric Acid | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling | >Boiling |
65% Niitric Acid | 212 | 212 | 221 | 230 |
80% Acetic Acid | >Boiling | 212p | >Boiling | >Boiling |
50% Formic Acid | 104 | ≤50 | 194 | 194 |
50% Sodium Hydroxide | 194 | 185 | 194 | 230 |
83% Phosphoric Acid + |
149 | 113 | 122 | 140 |
60% Nitric Acid + 2% Hydrocloric Acid |
>140 | >140 | >140 | >140 |
50% Acetic Acid + 50% Acetic Anhydride |
248 | >Boiling | 212 | 230 |
1% Hydrochloric Acid + 0.3% Ferric Chloride |
77p | 68p | 113ps | 203ps |
10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl- + N2 |
77 | — | 95 | 122 |
10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl- + SO2 |
<<59p | — | <59 | 104 |
WPA1, High Cl- Content | ≤50 | <<50 | 113 | 203 |
WPA2, High F- Content | ≤50 | <<50 | 140 | 167 |
ps = pitting can occur
ps = pitting/crevice corrosion can occur
WPA | P2O5 | CL- | F- | H2SO4 | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | MgO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 54 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 4.0 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 |
2 | 54 | 0.02 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 |
Chemical Analysis
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)
Element | 316 | 316L |
---|---|---|
Chromium | 16.0 min.-18.0 max. | 16.0 min.-18.0 max. |
Nickel | 10.0 min.-14.0 max. | 10.0 min.-14.0 max. |
Molybdenum | 2.00 min.-3.00 max. | 2.00 min.-3.00 max. |
Carbon | 0.08 | 0.030 |
Manganese | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Phosphorus | 0.045 | 0.045 |
Sulfer | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Nitrogen | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Iron | Balance | Balance |
Physical Properties
Density
0.285 lbs/in37.90 g/cm3
Specific Heat
0.11 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F)450 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C)
Modulus of Elasticity
29.0 x 106 psi200 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C)
10.1 BTU/hr/ft2/蹿迟/°贵14.6 W/m-°K
Melting Range
2450 – 2630°F1390 – 1440°C
Electrical Resistivity
29.1 Microhm-in at 68°C74 Microhm-cm at 20°C
Temperature Range | |||
---|---|---|---|
°F | °C | in/in °F | cm/cm °C |
68-212 | 20-100 | 9.2 x 10-6 | 16.6 x 10-6 |
68-932 | 20-500 | 10.1 x 10-6 | 18.2 x 10-6 |
68-1832 | 20-1000 | 10.8 x 10-6 | 19.4 x 10-6 |
Mechanical Properties
At Room Temperature
ASTM | |||
---|---|---|---|
Typical* | Type 316 | Type 316L | |
0.2% Offset Yield Strength, ksi | 44 | 30 min. | 25 min. |
Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi | 85 | 75 min. | 70 min. |
Elongation in 2 inches, % | 56 | 40 min. | 40 min. |
Reduction in Area, % | 69 | — | — |
Hardness, Rockwell B | 81 | 95 max. | 95 max. |
*0.375 inch plate
Fabrication Data
Alloy 316/316L can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Hot Forming
Working temperatures of 1700 – 2200°F (927 – 1204°C) are recommended for most hot working processes. For maximum corrosion resistance, the material should be annealed at 1900°F (1038°C) minimum and water quenched or rapidly cooled by other means after hot working.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily. Cold working operations will increase the strength and hardness of the alloy and might leave it slightly magnetic.
Machining
Alloy 316/316L is subject to work hardening during deformation and is subject to chip breaking. The best machining results are achieved with slower speeds, heavier feeds, excellent lubrication, sharp tooling and powerful rigid equipment.
Operation | Tool | Lubrication | CONDITIONS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depth-mm | Depth-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 11-16 | 36.1-52.5 |
Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 18-23 | 59.1-75.5 |
Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 25-30 | 82-98.4 |
Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 70-80 | 229.7-262.5 |
Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 85-95 | 278.9-312.7 |
Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 100-110 | 328.1-360.9 |
Depth of cut-mm | Depth of cut-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.03-0.05 | .0012-.0020 | 16-21 | 52.5-68.9 |
Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.04-0.06 | .0016-.0024 | 17-22 | 55.8-72.2 |
Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.05-0.07 | .0020-.0027 | 18-23 | 59-75.45 |
Drill ø mm | Drill ø in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.02-0.03 | .0008-.0012 | 10-14 | 32.8-45.9 |
Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.05-0.06 | .0020-.0024 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.08-0.09 | .0031-.0035 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 12 | .48 | 0.09-0.10 | .0035-.0039 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||||
Milling Profiling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 0.05-0.10 | .002-.004 | 10-20 | 32.8-65.6 |
Welding
Alloy 316/316L can be readily welded by most standard processes. A post
weld heat treatment is not necessary.
NOTE: The information and data in this product data sheet are accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief, but are intended for informational purposes only, and may be revised at any time without notice. Applications suggested for the materials are described only to help readers make their own evaluations and decisions, and are neither guarantees nor to be construed as express or implied warranties of suitability for these or other applications. Stainless Steel, Nickel Alloy and Titanium products are classified as sheet if the thickness of the metals is less than 3/16” (4.7mm). If the thickness of the metal is 3/16” (4.7mm) or more, then it is considered a plate.